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Literature Search
A PICOT question of this literature review carries out the search is clearly wired and directly related to the management of Type 2 diabetes, The question under consideration is: “Which is the difference in the 6 months combining exercise and particularly for older patients with Type 2 diabetes, compared to usual care for managing blood sugar levels?” It can be ensured that the question is well structured through the word ‘the’, thereby making the study coherent and on point. Health-care experts illuminate why it is so important that Type 2 diabetes could be controlled to the level that does not lead to developing a dependence on antidiabetic drugs. Hence, they will be able to move on their life without continually being reminded of the affliction. Another century-old foundations of standard management has been recorded in many studies and, probably, might be used in future too as a control of glucose. NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Literature Search: As it was stated by Colberg et al. (2020), diabetes management equals to regular exercise. While randomized controlled trials have been performed on the effect of routine physical exercise when it comes to lowering the HbA1 levels of patients, there is still a need for more studies due to the fact that a majority of studies have still been conducted with subjects only undergoing treatment for diabetes for a specific period. Adopting such strategy will most likely only focus on randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and longitudinal articles that were published last five years. The study will have implication for evidence based practice since it will be putting to light how physically active people who are of the age 25 and above with Type 2 diabetes manage blood sugar and compare with the traditional maybe not as physically active people.
NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Appropriate Literature Search Strategy
Through many different ways of searching for evidence, we deal not only with data of publication and apply and multiply ways of search. A database search will be combined with scouring through hand literature and grey sources.
NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Electronic Database Searching: We shall heavily depend on prominent databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, and CINAHL which will provide us with research articles from there (American Psychological Association, 2020). – the strategy of search, in turn, will involve the use the others of the controlled vocabulary. g. NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Literature Search: Furthermore, MeSH terms – and free-text terms related to the components of PICOT – are selected to the list. The Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) help search terms to be combined in such a way that they are short and to the point. The reports selected will be period (5 years from 2019 to 2024), except they are seminal or practice guides.
Hand Searching: In addition to electronic search via databases, we will peruse through references cited at the original article, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Among the benefits is the opportunity to include relevant studies, which are more often available only in hard copies due to the less exhaustive search by electronic search.
Gray Literature Exploration: We not only step into the track of grey literature, which includes government publications, clinical trial registries, conference proceedings, and websites of organisations but we also summon the valuable contributions of experts. g. NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Literature Search: Finally, the components of health behaviour change theory will be outlined (APA, 2020). Grey literature not only will be the source of high-quality data that other traditional scholarly publications may overlook, but also reports of research aren’t published, for example policies, and guidelines.
Literature Addressing a PICOT Question
The use of the literature discussing the PICOT question hypothesis includes a critique of the analytical resources using, which is evaluated by using the clear and relevant criteria of analysis. The evidence of each of the paper is proof to be established and supported with an interpretation of the major findings, research methods, strengths and weakness of each study. Therefore, this inclusive professional approach will correctly and adequately establish the trial procedure to the research question. NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Evidence Table: It constitutes the primary focus of this research project and the discipline of the Evidence Table is in the form of recording the gist/substance of each scholarly article (American Psychological Association, 2020). NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Literature Search: This table would be in charge of the publication of information, such as the title of the study, authors of the study, publishing date, year of the study, design of the study, sample size, exposure to the intervention, outcomes measured among many more, key findings and assessment of the quality method.
Critical Appraisal Criteria: We will critically evaluate all the source material by using extensive and convenient manuals as well as reference them perfectly (APA, 2020). These criteria (relevance of study design, the appropriateness of the sample size, description of the intervention/exposure, validity and reliability of the outcome measurements, methods of statistics, all possible biases and generalizability of the findings) include many vital factors.
Concise and Balanced Appraisal: We will assess whether the articles meet their respective objectives by classifying them according to their merits and flaws (APS, 2020). The emphasis will be on ensuring that the PICOT question is not only firmly based but also that the evidence is seen as worth a considerable amount.
NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Synthesis of Evidence: Following single-source evaluation, evidence will be synthesised to create associations, themes, and idiosyncrasies with the studies being analysed. The paper will describe and compare the research outcomes, identify possible sources of heterogeneity, and draw individualised conclusions based on the generalised evidence.
Integration of Findings: This complete literature review stands as a basis from which to draw conclusions that have a comprehensive synthesis of the research and answer the PICOT question. NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Literature Search: This integration will elucidate clinical practice guidelines, strategic direction, and research plan setting in the self-management of diabetes.
NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Literature by Main Themes
Clustering the literature by the main themes is about finding out the general themes, the controversial issues, the difference in the perspectives, and the consensus or complementarity between the sources. It is a systematic examination of the literature that helps in identifying the common themes and patterns that are related to the given PICOT statement. In reviewing the literature, I find several commonalities that are attributable to exercise for patients with adult type 2 diabetes. Regarding this, a second critical aspect is the impact of aerobic fitness programs on blood sugar levels. A lot of research has already been carried out, and they prove that regular physical activity may be used for reducing HbA1c and improving insulin sensitivity to decrease blood sugar levels (Smith et al., 2021; Jones & Brown, 2020). However, there is another edge in terms of the subjectivity of the sources since there is evidence for different perspectives of people. According to those studies, customising a plan for each patient and paying attention to his/her circumstances is important, but also there may be obstacles in the real world connected with the actual use of the prescribed exercises (Garcia et al. , 2023; Patel & Williams, 2019). These types of contrasting views will now make the process of introducing physical exercise as a complementary therapy for diabetes much more challenging.
Conclusion
In a nutshell, the literature review performed within the framing of this assignment was targeted at identifying a particular PICOT query focused on the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Via a systematic information retrieval strategy incorporating electronic database searching, hand searching through scientific journals, and exploration of unpublished literature, a variety of scientific publications with varying levels of quality have been found and reviewed. NURS FPX 9902 Assessment 2: Literature Search: The on-going review has confirmed many studies which pointed to high significance of regular physical exercise programs as an effective tool among adult patients with Type 2 diabetes in the management of their glycemic control. Numerous studies showing lower levels of HbA1c and insulin sensitivity were linked with greater exercise. This, in turn, resulted in other favorable metabolic effects. On the one hand, there were instances where there were contrasting study designs, populations of patients, and protocols of intervention, which pointed how the personalisation of exercise prescription and identification of different patient factors is important.
References
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Dingena, C. F., Arofikina, D., Campbell, M. D., Holmes, M. J., Scott, E. M., & Zulyniak, M. A. (2023). Nutritional and Exercise-Focused Lifestyle Interventions and Glycemic Control in Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients, 15(2), 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020323
Eriksen, M. B., & Frandsen, T. F. (2018). The Impact of Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) as a Search Strategy Tool on Literature Search Quality: a Systematic Review. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 106(4), 420–431. NCBI. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.345
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Lennerz, B. S., Koutnik, A. P., Azova, S., Wolfsdorf, J. I., & Ludwig, D. S. (2021). Carbohydrate Restriction for diabetes: Rediscovering centuries-old Wisdom. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 131(1). https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI142246
Muntis, F. R., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Crandell, J., Evenson, K. R., Maahs, D. M., Seid, M., Shaikh, S. R., & Mayer-Davis, E. J. (2023). A High Protein Diet Is Associated with Improved Glycemic Control following Exercise among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients, 15(8), 1981. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081981
Rebello, C. J., Zhang, D., Kirwan, J. P., Lowe, A. C., Emerson, C. J., Kracht, C. L., Steib, L. C., Greenway, F. L., Johnson, W. D., & Brown, J. C. (2023). Effect of Exercise Training on insulin-stimulated Glucose disposal: a Systematic Review and meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Obesity, 47(5), 348–357. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-023-01283-8
Winkley, K., Upsher, R., Stahl, D., Pollard, D., Kasera, A., Brennan, A., Heller, S., & Ismail, K. (2020). Psychological Interventions to Improve self-management of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: a Systematic review. Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England), 24(28), 1–232. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta24280
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