- NURS 610 Assignment 5.2 Health Promotion and Motivational Interviewing Summary
Name: ___________
Compare and contrast the Social Cognitive Theory, Health Belief Model, Health Promotion Model, and Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior. How are they alike and how are they different?
Alike: All models acknowledge that people consciously decide their health behaviors. Cognitive aspects, like beliefs, expectations, and intentions, are all part of them and are considered to be central to the process of behavior change. Different: Health Belief Model (HBM) concentrates on cognitions of a threat (susceptibility, severity) and the perceived advantages and obstacles of acting. A cue to action is often needed to trigger the behavior. Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior (TRA/TPB) points out that behavior is a direct consequence of behavioral intention that is influenced by attitudes towards the behavior and subjective norms (social pressure).
The Planned Behavior extension includes perceived behavioral control. The most holistic one is the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), which emphasizes the interaction between the environment, behavior, and personal factors (e.g., self-efficacy). The central role of observational learning and self-efficacy is its main distinguishing factor. Health Promotion Model (HPM) is a variation of SCT designed specifically to promote behavior in health (not disease prevention). It focuses on the personal traits, experiences, and cognitions specific to behavior, paying much attention to positive determinants such as perceived well-being and adherence to a plan. Concisely, HBM is a threat-based model, TRA/TPB is an intention-based model, SCT is a triadic model that is efficacy-based, and HPM is a holistic model that is wellness-based.
Which theory do you feel fits David? Why?
David is best suited to the Health Belief Model (HBM) as his motivation to quit smoking has been promoted directly by the main elements of the model: the perceived threat of health risk (severity) to his future with his child (susceptibility) due to the pregnancy of his wife (cue to action). He is well aware of the positive effects of quitting in terms of his family welfare but has also encountered the great obstacle of his unsuccessful previous efforts, so the framework of the HBM can be considered as the most appropriate one to consider his present case and create a strategy that considers the mentioned perceptions.
Which theory do you feel fits Judi? Why?
Judi can best be described using the Health Promotion Model (HPM) since she is more interested in attaining positive well-being and active lifestyle than in preventing a particular disease. She is driven by the wish to engage in the social activities such as softball and disc golf (positive motivation), and she believes that she can do it (confidence in ability), and is at least seeking a strategy of lasting change, which is exactly what the HPM focuses on in its commitment, preferences, and overall health promotion.
Patient:
Which theory do you feel fits Lou? Why?
Health Belief Model (HBM) most fits Lou since he is driven by a dire personal health experience (heart attack) that drastically changed his perceived vulnerability and perceived severity of his current behavior and is now a strong signal of action. The obvious advantages of not having another attack to meet his care giving obligations have given him the strength to change, and he is now prepared to work on the obstacles to smoking cessation and weight reduction.
MotivationalInterviewing
Using the transtheoretical stages of change model, what stage of change is this person in? Give at least two reasons why you think they are in this stage.
Lou is at Preparation stage in Transtheoretical Model. Reasons: Recent Action: Lou already has gone through a major event (the heart attack) that has triggered a radical change in his thinking that no longer keeps him in contemplation. He says, that actually made me straight, which means that the choice has already been made (Rakhshani et al., 2025). Imminent Plan for Action: He is not just thinking about change; he is ready to take immediate steps. He literally states, I would like to discuss with you what I can do to become a starting point, which shows that he is ready to start altering his behavior in the nearest future, which is the characteristic of the Preparation stage.
What does the acronym O.A.R.S. stand for in motivational interviewing?
In Motivational Interviewing the four basic communication skills that are the core of the client-centered approach are referred to as the O.A.R.S. acronym and include: Open-ended questions, which promote elaboration and exploration; Affirmations, which recognize client strengths and work to build confidence; Reflective listening, which shows understanding and helps clients explore their own thoughts more deeply; and Summaries, which recap what has (Bischof et al., 2021).
Reference
Bischof, G., Bischof, A., & Rumpf, H.-J. (2021). Motivational interviewing: An evidence-based approach for use in medical practice. Deutsches Ärzteblatt Online, 118(7), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0014
Rakhshani, T., Jalalpour, Z., Jafari, M., Taravatmanesh, S., Kamyab, A., & Jeihooni, A. K. (2025). The impact of training based on the transtheoretical model on increasing physical activity in overweight and obese housewives. BMC Women’s Health, 25(1), 218. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03767-3