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Maryville University
NURS 600
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Outside Theorist/Theory Artifact Evaluation
NURS 600 Assignment 7.1 is a peer evaluation where we evaluate ‘ theory projects’ by scoring them on creativity, organization, and real-world. This assessment is the evaluation of the nursing theory chosen, presentation, creativity, description, and connections to the nursing and advanced practice scholars, comments in narrative form, grammar, and time.
Critique of Theory Project Artifact by Taylor Barber
Among the many good choices a Taylor Barber should make, the one I am discussing is the feminist moral development theory (FMDT) by Carol Gilligan, given that this theory is informative and useful to describe the morality of reasoning in nursing. This is evident in the rationale since it explains the difference between Gilligan’s care approach and Kohlberg’s justice approach of morality in nursing, making it relevant to the relational ethic in nursing (Arnold & Ross, 2023). It is a good choice and is well articulated in the narrative. Score: 15/15 Excellent
The artifact is well organised and consists of a literal theoretical description, and then proceeds via metaphor, application, and reflection by the author. The use of subheadings and transitions from idea to action used in this story is well structured. Score: 15/15 – Excellent
The iconic form of an ingredient such as Ethics of Care Stew is new, poetic, and very challenging. The above ingredients represent different aspects of Gilligan’s theory, and hence, even the most challenging ideas become familiar and understandable. Wonderful representation of the new formulation. Score: 15/15 Excellent
All of the elements of Gilligan’s theory are discussed: voice, relationships, empathy, conflict, and compassion. They are described and demonstrate a high level of understanding of the theory. Score: 15/15 Excellent
The description provided by Taylor of the fit between Gilligan and Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring is a very good fit. The fit shows they are both highlighting the aspects of empathy and connectedness, and holistic caring in moral decision making (Shakir Al-Fatlawi et al., 2026). This is one of the interactions that enhance the hypothetic discussion. Score: 15/15 Excellent
The discussion has succeeded in integrating Gilligan’s theory with the advanced nursing practice, in particular, in coping with ethical complexities. The article on personal experience of the end-of-life care demonstrates the application of the theory of moral action. Also, Taylor explains how the theory can be applied to gain culturally sensitive advocacy practice for the APRN. Score: 15/15 Excellent
Question 3: Referencing the main sources of Gilligan and Watson, and also scholarly referencing, is used in the artifact in question. Three appropriate references are provided as per the rubric. Score: 5/5 Excellent
While the artifact is generally effective, it could be enhanced with better examples of its use. This discussion is more relevant in an advanced practice after further explanation about the application of the framework of Gilligan in clinical bedside practice, or even in ethical leadership, policy-making, or interdisciplinary teamwork. Further engagement can be achieved depending on the form of the artifact (recipe, a visual, or an infographic).
Critique of Theory Project Artifact by Ngozika Ugbaja
Ngozika selected the Nola Pender Health Promotion Model (HPM) and Social Network and Support Theory. It’s a legitimate, relevant, and fitting pairing. The explanation illustrates a sensible blending of personal and social motivation to health actions, crucial in advanced nursing practice. The argument is well written and supported, and shows the significance of the environment for lifelong wellness. Score: 15/15 Excellent.
The artifact is in good order, and the sequence of the sources used is acceptable as the author begins with the introduction; then goes to the integration of the theory, personal relationships, and the application of it to nursing practice. It’s easy to navigate, and each section is built on the prior. The subheadings of Recipe Card, Theory Integration, and Personal Connection make it clear. Score: 15/15- Excellent
Ngozika’s metaphor of a recipe and the cooking show are remarkably innovative and productive. The metaphor helps demystify and popularise theory. They are intriguing and memorable (as the ingredients are associated with the theory constructs). Score: 15/15 Excellent
The artifact provides a good overview of Pender’s HPM and the Social Support Theory. It includes such key concepts as self-efficacy, behaviour-specific cognitions, interpersonal factors, and support systems. The statement is clear and based on the main concepts. Score: 15/15 Excellent
It is not associated with any other nurse theorist other than Pender. This meets the criterion “because Pender is a nurse theorist”. However, it would have been even more interesting for the artifact to include the actual application of the comparison with another nurse theorist with similar visions (e.g., Jean Watson, Dorothea Orem). Score: 13.75/15 Satisfactory
The artifact presents a very strong argument for the application of these theories in advanced nursing practice. It offers some positive ways to consider patient environment, behaviour change, and peer programs. A personal example is a good support for this use. Score: 15/15 Excellent
It has three valid sources, which can be correlated not only with the theory of Pender but also with the Social Support Theory. The references are included in the correct manner, and the theories are backed up. Score: 5/5 Excellent
While the significance of Pender as a nursing theorist can not be overstated, a transient association or connection with another nursing theory would have added another dimension to this project. Furthermore, it would have been more intriguing to have an actual recipe card or TV cooking show simulation.
Critique of Theory Project Artifact by Jennifer L. Donovan
The selected novel and effective pairing of the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB) by Cheryl Cox and the Patient Provider Communication Model is the ideal choice for Jennifer. The provided justification shows the awareness of the part of interpersonal communication in health behaviour, particularly in the nurse-patient relationship (Kwame & Petrucka, 2021). This rationale could be strengthened by explaining more about the theory of Cox and how it can be applied in a more exclusive way than the generic ones of communication. Score: 13.75/15 Satisfactory
The restaurant menu (Appetizers, Entrees, Desserts) has an innovative and structured theme. The use of metaphor will assist the reader in introducing the theory, reflection, and practice. A stronger narrative that would link the metaphor in the sections would have been more linking and clarifying. Score: 13.75/15 Satisfactory
The restaurant metaphor is innovative and appealing. The selection of menu items to tackle the theories and the connection of the menu items with the course constituents make the artifact appealing. The stock photos have not only given a graphic element, but the titles could be more informative as to how they are applicable. Score: 15/15 Excellent
In this artifact, there is a brief description of the IMCHB and its application in patient-provider relationships. While the overall philosophies are being described (communication, relationship, behavior change), it appears that the description of the model by Cox might need a bit more detail regarding the theoretical part of the model, which is motivation, affective response, and decisional control. Score: 12.75/15 Needs Improvement
The nurse theorist chosen as the main one (Cox IMCHB) complies. However, the connection can be reinforced with the comparison with (or difference from) any other nurse theorist who speaks about the same thing (e.g., Peplau’s interpersonal relations theory or Watson’s human caring theory). Score: 13.75/15- Satisfactory
Jennifer is very interesting on how two theories can be applied for advanced practice, in particular, PMHNP. Emphasis on trust, relationship building, and communication is in accordance with advanced nursing therapeutic approaches. The example of his choice of the Manager is good, yet it can be elaborated on in terms of a more specific case or state of affairs. Score: 15/15 – Excellent
The artifact has two sources of relevance, one is primary (Cox, 1982), and the other is one that supports the communication theory. It is adequate, but it is more academic to include a third source or a quote by the theorist. Score: 4/5- Satisfactory
Jennifer needs to incorporate a deeper analysis of the idea(s) of the IMCHB to show a more comprehensive understanding. She needs to reinforce captions or relate pictures more closely to text. Additionally, it will be better to reduce the transition and connection between the menu metaphor and theories to ensure they are synchronized.
Critique of Theory Project Artifact by Kristen Azure
The Model that Kristen selected is the Theory of Self-transcendence, Pamela G. Reed, and the Health Equity and Disparities Bias Care Model. The combination of the two is solid and egoistic. Kristen has a good grasp of the two models and draws a compelling conversation with her experiences of working for the Indian Health Service (Ghosh & Barber, 2021). The definition is accomplished by placing health equity in the sphere of a systemic problem, as well as the problem of personal care relations. Score: 15/15 Excellent
The artifact is the justified evolution of the metaphors and theory description, self-referentiality, and transfer to the complex practice. The sub-sections on description of metaphor (starter, loaf) theory and practice are clear. The format helps to clarify her message and tells a story. Score: 15/15 – Excellent
The metaphor of sourdough as a form of prejudice and health statistics is new and very good. The way sourdough is formed and the social determinants of health are well comparable. Health disparities, systemic racism, and their impact are difficult concepts, and when they are metaphorically explained, they are more relatable and easier to remember. Score: 15/15 Excellent
Kristen’s discussion of the Health Equity and Disparities Bias Model (HEDBM) and Theory of Self-transcendence (TST) by Reed is excellent. In particular, she mentions that the elements of each theory include the idea of vulnerability, systematic prejudice, and self-transcendence as the key to equity (Barton & Hart, 2023). This is a theory synthesis. Score: 15/15 – Excellent
There is a clear link to nurse theorist Pamela G. Reed. Kristen does a very good job generalising on the theory of self-transcendence by Reed to broader culturally sensitive, equity-based care. The metaphor adds to the theory. Score: 15/15 – Excellent
Kristen gives us a wonderful picture of how theories can be applied in advanced practice. She talks of effective interventions such as assessing variation, changing policy, educating about biases, and partnering with the community. The diagnosis of the presented case, based on prejudice, demonstrates that this framework is important and relevant. Score: 15/15 Excellent
Kristen’s two sources are both good quality and relevant sources; one is the primary source of nursing theory (Reed), and the other article is central to the Health Equity Framework. The sources can be used to support the theoretical statements. Score: 5/5 Excellent
What can be further improved in this artifact is the visual aspect; the metaphor is nicely and clearly described in words, but there should be some pictures added (e.g., a drawing of how to make sourdough and the theory concepts). Also, Kirsten should talk more about the cases; a clinical case is appropriate, but I would like to see some brief examples that could show how the theory can be applied in other situations or with other patient populations.
Critique of Theory Project Artifact by Kimberly Kahl
Kimmerly has selected one of the most well-known psychological theories, Richard Lazarus’ Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, that can be applied in the nursing practice. With personal application, the reason Lazarus was chosen is that she attributes it to her own personal stress experiences, and the theory speaks for itself (Wang et al., 2025). However, perhaps it should have been elaborated a bit more on why this theory is particularly relevant to the nursing practice and not so much to personal experience. Score: 13.75/15- Satisfactory
The structure of the introduction to Lazarus, appraisal processes, metaphor (the duck), and, most importantly, the connections with practice and nursing theorists, are well presented and explained. It’s reasoned in the presentation of the content, but it must be easier to find, easier to see, with a more defined structure by subheadings. Score: 13.75/15- Satisfactory
The metaphor of the Ugly Duckling and the picture of the duckling as an example of the stress-appraisal process is good and effective. It infuses the theory with a fictional image. Nonetheless, the metaphor can be pushed a little further; each appraisal mentioned is more closely related to the options the duck has (visualized), and this will make it more efficient. Score: 13.75/15 Satisfactory
Kimmerly describes the main aspects of the theory developed by Lazarus: primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and reappraisal. The description is clear and applicable. But it could be improved with a brief introduction to the principle of how emotional and coping responses are evolved because of the appraisal (Wang et al., 2025). Score 13.75/15 Satisfactory
Her comparison of the Theory of Interpersonal Relations (as described by Hildegard Peplau) is reasonable and appropriate, particularly in terms of therapeutic communication and rapport-building to cope with patient stress (Mersha et al., 2023). While the comparison presented is not wrong, it would be more appropriate to provide an explanation of the connections between the theories (e.g., support is provided throughout the therapeutic dialogue to cope). Score: 13.75/15 Satisfactory
Kimberly briefly describes the implementation of the model in advanced practice, particularly in the field of mental health, stress management, and therapeutic communication. It’s quite generic but relevant. It will be helpful if you provide an example of a specific case (e.g., a patient case) to explain this. Grade: 13.75/15 Satisfactory
You can include the Peplau reference, but this may need to be followed by a reference from the primary source for reference purposes, to make it scholarly. Score: 4/5 Satisfactory
Kimmerley Kahl should make it more realistic: it would be good to present a realistic clinical case, which could be followed up by theory; use headings or formatting (or bullet points) to make it easier to read, and more professional; talk about how the theory of Peplau operationalizes stress coping in the nursing process, not connected to communication.
Conclusion
Overall, this peer review of artifacts demonstrates there is a great consideration for a range of theoretical perspectives, unique use of metaphors, clarity, and potential application in the advanced nursing practice. All the artifacts present another dimension of thought, such as moral development and health promotion, stress, communication, and equity, and this offers further insight into the overall understanding of how theory can be used to support a holistic, ethical, and culturally sensitive care.
While all of the submissions were amazing in terms of their originality and relevancy, they can also be made more scholarly and practical by increasing the theoretical sophistication, visuals, and connections between theorists.
References
Barton, C., & Hart, R. (2023). The Experience of Self-Transcendence in Social Activists. Behavioral Sciences, 13(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13010066
Kwame, A., & Petrucka, P. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: Barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC Nursing, 20(158), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2
Mersha, A., Abera, A., Tesfaye, T., Abera, T., Belay, A., Melaku, T., Shiferaw, M., Shibiru, S., Estifanos, W., & Wake, S. K. (2023). Therapeutic communication and its associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals of Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia: Application of Hildegard Peplau’s nursing theory of interpersonal relations. BMC Nursing, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01526-z
Shakir Al-Fatlawi, A., Snoubar, Y., & Adel Yosef, N. (2026). Exploring the relationship between caring ability and moral awareness among nurses with a gender perspective: implications for psychologists and social workers in healthcare ethics and social practice. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-026-06502-x
Wang, D., Rushton, S., Ledbetter, L., Graton, M., Ramos, K., Cary, M. P., Gray, T. F., & Hendrix, C. C. (2025). Understanding the Multidimensionality of Caregiving Appraisal: A Concept Analysis. Nursing Forum, 2025(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/nuf/6087774
Related Assignment for the class NUR 600: NURS 600 Assignment 7.2
