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Brain Injury Case Studies
TBIs are indeed difficult and encompassing, which subsequently result in massive changes in cognition and behavior. Such changes shall be explained with an analysis of cognitive theories and models that describe the effect of brain injury to learning and memory (Van Boven et al., 2020). PSYC FPX3500 Assessment 3 aims to use these theories in analyzing cases related to TBI so as to be in a position to understand the cognitive issues affecting persons with such injuries. In this paper, we will analyze a specific case study from the provided media piece, Riverbend City: Case Studies, to see the complaints that have been shown to have and the possible diseases that could be behind that.
We will then examine how such manifestations relate to theories and frameworks pertaining to cognition with the purpose of offering an understanding of the memory and cognitive challenges that are recorded (Skeide & Friederici, 2020). We are going to incorporate academic sources and research studies in order to determine the available treatment modalities with reference to the current knowledge base of professionals and academics (Wilde et al., 2022). The synthesis of the literature will also encompass an assessment of the applied research methodologies in other case features along with a reflection of their applicability to the current case (Holland et al., 2021). Last of all, it is necessary to mention the ways to promote learning and memory for TBI patients; and review the current evidence-based approach to the treatment of TBI based on the literature available.
PSYC FPX3500 Assessment 3 Conditions Depicted in a Case Study
Some of the information includes the following: The subject is a 35-year-old who was involved in a motor vehicle accident that left him/her with a severe TBI. This indicates that the subject reveals antisocial behaviors and important deficits of short-term memory, such that they often forget events and things that they were to do. PSYC FPX3500 Assessment 3 inability to retain new information is different from relatively preserved long-term memory, evolving that while long-term memory is fairly preserved, new information processing and recall capacity is impaired. Moreover, the individual has attention problems that can impair his/her daily activities and performance at the workplace and displays such signs as an increase in the rate of temper and mood swings. It can be seen that such symptoms are consistent with those seen in Post-concussion syndrome or PCS where there is persisting memory and cognitive problems after concussion. The above cognitive issues can be associated with possible injury in parts of the brain such as the hippocampus which is involved in short-term memory and any interference with frontal lobes which deal with focus and moods (Wilde et al., 2022).
Possible Cognitive Problems
In the Case of the 35-year-old man who has experienced a Traumatic Brain Injury, several cognitive impairments and memory dysfunctions are noticed. The first problem is concentration and short-term memory loss in which the subject is unable to recall events that happened in the near past or even information that was taught to him or her a short time ago. This symptom points to damage to the neural circuits used in the Storage and Retrieval of Short Term Memory, including the hippocampus and its connecting networks (Sbordone & Long, 2021). Further, the subject suffers from poor attention and concentration causing a decrease in focus and an increased impairment in memory and general function. These cognitive issues might be associated with the interruptions of the frontal impaired area which controls the executive competencies and the attention of a human being (Skeide & Friederici, 2020). PSYC FPX3500 Assessment 3 changes in mood and behaviors such as irritability and instability mood indicate that the injury may also implicate the emotional centers along with the cognitive centers in the brain a function known as social cognition also gets affected along with the rest of the cognitive domains (Wilde et al., 2022).
Research Methods
The presented research methods in the selected sources provide a systematic outlook of cognitive impairments and memory decline due to TBI. Sbordone and Long (2021) used quantitative global measures of cerebral dysfunction by employing standardized tests for neuropsychological examination following the Welsh’s scale for possible cognitive losses involving short-term memory and attention. This method is most suitable to ascertain and measure an actual impairment as well as correlate it with the injury of the brain. (Skeide & Friederici, 2020) used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) that orcheed brain activity and structural changes with reference to memory processes.
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PSYC FPX3500 Assessment 3 Brain Damages And Cognitive
These imaging techniques are relevant for investigating the link between brain damage and cognitive processes since such approaches provide visual research data on the structure and functioning of the brain. (Wilde et al. 2022) conducted DTI with MRI and PET scans to evaluate white matter’s microstructure and metabolite changes in the brain. These methods are useful in studying secondary neural changes because they offer structural and functional information of the brain that other techniques would not notice. The current study’s research methods are valuable in understanding TBI and how it affects cognition because of the synergistic relationship between detailed neuropsychological testing and advanced imaging in developing appropriate treatment plans.
Scholarly Research Sources
In the case of the 35-year-old individual suffering from TBI, several kinds of treatment for cognitive problems and memory loss have been found to be efficacious by recent scholarly literature. Of the various interventions identified, Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy, which has garnished significant attention, has been found to enhance memory, attention as well as executive function among TBI patients (Cicerone et al., 2021). Based on the presented case, it can be concluded that CRT is helpful in meaning-specific, structured exercises related to every patient’s deficits; that is why it is so efficient when it comes to working on short-term memory and concentration issues. Furthermore, studies concerning computer-based cognitive training revealed their effectiveness in improving the cognitive abilities in TBI patients. According to a PSYC FPX3500 Assessment 3 meta-analysis (Owen et al. 2019), these, which are modified according to the user’s performance, can boost memory and attention. These are the sort of programs that would be suitable in the individual’s circumstances and provide a fun approach necessary for cognitive rehabilitation and the deficit concerning the memory in question.
Drugs might also be used in case of a lack of effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation together with computer-based training. PSYC FPX3500 Assessment 3 pharmacological interventions mentioned include modafinil, and memantine which are found to have a positive effect on the cognition of TBI patients regarding the management of symptoms (Karamchandani et al., 2022). The effectiveness of these treatments can be of benefit when used with other treatments, however, these treatments should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional since they may interact with other drugs and should be managed appropriately.
Self Evaluation
I evaluated the outcomes in relation to the scoring rubrics I set for myself in order to gauge my understanding. Now as for the criterion of what the conditions are depicted, I am very confident to say that I met with the Distinguished level of performance. I synthesized and described individual’s cognitive and physical symptoms as detailed and as accurately as possible to depict the degrees of TBI and its interference with daily life activities according to contemporary scholarly sources (Cicerone et al., 2021; Karamchandani et al., 2022). In relation to the communication of the description of cognitive problems or memory loss that stems from the condition of the brain, I have utilized skills at a Proficient standard in this piece of work.
PSYC FPX3500 Assessment 3 Cognitive Problems
I elaborated on the cognitive problems and memory loss talking about their possible causes based on the recent studies (McCauley et al., 2020). For my analysis, I tried to be as exhaustive as possible; however, there are certain deficiencies in pursuing other ideas that could expand the topic and answer questions that remained unanswered.
According to the criteria set by my course, I assess that for describing the methods utilized in the sources I have used and the relevance of the methods, it is at the Proficient level. I described the research methods such as neuropsychology assessments test and neuroimaging techniques to analyze the cognitive problems of TBI (Karamchandani et al., 2022). While I was able to justify each method, further elaboration about the drawbacks entailing these methods will help in developing the discussion.
Conclusion
In conclusion, in this assessment, an evaluation has been made of a case of TBI with an effort to explore the specific cognitive deficits inclusive of memory in a client. In summarizing PSYC FPX3500 Assessment 3 symptoms and discussion of possible diagnosis, the effects of TBI on short-term memory, attention, and executive functioning have now been demonstrated to have a major short-term dysfunction. The cognitive issues that are seen are in line with numerous impression control TBI patients where certain areas of the brain are affected causing a disturbance in cognitive functions of the patient.
Such assessment techniques used in the present research such as neuropsychological and neuroimaging have been relevant in providing information on the neuropsychological deficiencies that are likely to occur as a result of TBI. These are some of the methods that prove very useful in understanding the working and the structural conformation of the human brain that is very essential in handling of neural disorders and their treatments. At the same time, it was stated that there are drawbacks in such studies including individuals’ variability and the necessity to conduct research with follow-up investigations of the results obtained.
References
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Capizzi, A., Woo, J., & Verduzco-Gutierrez, M. (2020). Traumatic brain injury. Medical Clinics of North America, 104(2), 213–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2019.11.001
Khellaf, A., Khan, D. Z., & Helmy, A. (2019). Recent advances in traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurology, 266(11), 2878–2889. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09541-4
Libeson, L., Downing, M., Ross, P., & Ponsford, J. (2019). The experience of return to work in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI): A qualitative study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 30(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2018.1470987
Maas, A. I. R., Menon, D. K., Manley, G. T., Abrams, M., Åkerlund, C., Andelic, N., Aries, M., Bashford, T., Bell, M. J., Bodien, Y. G., Brett, B. L., Büki, A., Chesnut, R. M., Citerio, G., Clark, D., Clasby, B., Cooper, D. J., Czeiter, E., Czosnyka, M., & Dams-O’Connor, K. (2022). The Lancet Neurology, 21(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00309-x
Pavlovic, D., Pekic, S., Stojanovic, M., & Popovic, V. (2019). Traumatic brain injury: neuropathological, neurocognitive and neurobehavioral sequelae. Pituitary, 22(3), 270–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-019-00957-9
Surveillance report of traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, united states, 2019. Cdc.gov. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/78062
